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The Bible has been the most influential text in all of Western culture. It's difficult to understand medieval or early modern or much of modern literature without knowing it...

Prof. Barbara Newman, Northwestern University
from 2006 Bible Literary project

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It's not that it's impossible to read some writers without a Biblical background, but that you would miss a whole dimension to their work.

Prof. Steven Goldsmith, University of California at Berkeley
from 2006 Bible Literary Project

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I can only say that if a student doesn't know any Bible literature, he or she will simply not understand whole elements of Shakespeare, Sidney, Spenser, Milton, Pope, Wordsworth

Prof. Robert Kiely, Harvard University
from 2006 Bible Literary Project

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...there is truth in the remark. "without Tyndale[Bible translator], no Shakespeare"...

Prof. David Daniell, University College London
from The Bible in English

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You can't really study Western literature intelligently or coherently without starting with the Bible.

Prof. Gerald L. Bruns, University of Notre Dame
from 2006 Bible Literary Project

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...a familiar understanding of Christian doctrine in historical perspective thus contributes to a fuller appreciation of Shakespeare's art, but Shakespeare's art

Prof. Roland M. Frye
from Shakespeare and the Christian Doctrine

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In English tradition and also for an American tradition begun by Puritan writers, a knowledge of the Hebrew Bible and the New Testament is even more crucial than classical references.

Prof. Ulrich Knoefplmacher, Princeton University
from 2006 Bible Literary Project

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There is no book more important for our culture than the Bible, and it is fundametal to the study of English literature and language.

Prof. David Jasper and Prof. Stephen Prickett
from the Bible and literature

Sweat of your brow 이마의 땀 (창세기 3:19)

그림설명: Adam
그림 저작권: V.

성경구절

“By the sweat of your brow you will eat your food until you return to the ground, since from it you were taken; for dust you are and to dust you will return.” “네가 흙으로 돌아갈 때까지 얼굴에 땀을 흘려야 먹을 것을 먹으리니 네가 그것에서 취함을 입었음이라 너는 흙이니 흙으로 돌아갈 것이니라 하시니라.”

이마의 땀이란 고된 일과 집중적인 노동을 의미합니다.

기원과 적용

아담과 하와가 선악과를 먹고, 에덴 동산에서 추방당했을 때부터 남자들은 줄곧 살기 위해선 고된 노동을 해야만 했습니다. “네가 흙으로 돌아갈 때까지 얼굴에 땀을 흘려야 먹을 것을 먹으리니 네가 그것에서 취함을 입었음이라 너는 흙이니 흙으로 돌아갈 것이니라” (창 3:19) 이것이 하나님께서 아담에게 하신 말씀입니다. 얼굴/ 이마의 땀이란 고된 일과 집중적인 노동을 의미합니다. 원래의 히브리 성경에 적힌 “콧등 위의 땀”이 “이마의 땀”이 되어 흔히 쓰이는 표현이 된 것은 상당히 흥미롭습니다. ‘코’가 왜 번역 중에 사라지게 되었는지는 알려진 바가 없습니다. 코에 대해 완곡 하게 표현된 부정적인 의미를 피하려고 했던 것이 아니었을까 추측합니다. “이마 위의 땀”은 “Jully Black”의 ‘This is Me’라는 데뷔 앨범에 수록됐던 두번째 싱글 앨범이였습니다. 2005년에 발매되었고, 캐나다에서 큰 열풍을 일으켰습니다.

예시

Sometimes, the sweat of your brow isn’t enough to get you good pay at work. 때때로 이마에 맺힌 땀 만큼의(수고한 만큼의) 삯을 받지 못한다.

Keywords

hard    labour    sweat    toil   

Related Information

NIV official site
Chinese Bible (???)

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