성경이 영어에 미치는 영향
성경과그영향
성경은수많은위대한작가들, 특별히세익스피어(1564-1616)에게글을쓸때영감을주는원천이었습니다. 1589-1613에쓰여진그의연극에는 1,300개가넘는성경구절이사용되었습니다. 세익스피어연극의성경구절연구는 1794년에시작되었습니다.
관점은세익스피어의개인적인신앙과신학적인관점으로나눠지고있습니다. 몇몇사람들은세익스피어연극을신학화하려는경향을보이기도했습니다. 그러므로일부기독교지파에게는그의연극이제한되기도하였습니다. 또한어느부류에서는그의작품을아주세속적으로대하기도했으며성격적접근은미미하게보여졌습니다.
세익스피어의종교적인근원에대해서는증거가없습니다. 알려지기는그가세례를받았고Church of England의멤버였다는사실뿐입니다. Geneva 성경에서영감을받았으며, 그당시교회에서는성경을읽을수없었기때문에그의성경적인지식은아마도개인적으로성경을읽고얻은것이라고가정할수있습니다.
그의신앙에관한여러가지관점에도불구하고, 한가지사실은논쟁거리가되지않습니다. 성경지식은우리가세익스피어를더잘이해하는데도와준다는사실입니다.
Roland M. Frye은프린스톤대학에서신학과문학을배웠고신학대를졸업하였습니다. 그의책”세익스피어와기독교교리 (1963)”에서”역사적고찰속에서기독교교리에대한익숙한이해는세익스피어의예술에대한더깊이있는감사에공헌하게될것입니다.하지만세익스피어의예술은연극무대를신학화하는데도움이되지는않았다.” 라고하였습니다.
세익스피어의작품, 햄릿, 맥베스, 자에는자로, 베니스의상인등등에기독교적요소는확실하게들어있습니다.
성경에 대한 이해는 세익스피어 연극의 숨은 의미를 더 깊이 이해하는데 도움이 될 것입니다.
세익스피어의 연극에 나오는 몇 가지 성경적 표현을 들여다 봅시다.
창세기
- …and yet to me, what is this quintessence of dust? (Hamlet 2.2)
- For dust you are and to dust you will return. (Genesis 3:19)
아벨과가인
- Which blood, like sacrificing Abel’s cries,
Even from the tongueless caverns of the earth,
To me for justice and rough chastisement. (Hamlet 3.3) - And the Lord said, “What have you done?
Listen; your brother’s blood is crying out to me from the ground!” (Genesis 4:10 NRSV)
욥
- I am as poor as Job, my lord; but not so patient. (Henry IV, Part 2 (1.2))
- Ye have heard of the patience of Job. (James 5:11 KJV)
신약성서
- Forgive and you will be forgiven. (Luke 6:37)
- I as free forgive as I would be forgiven (Henry VII, 2:1)
- Do good to them that hate you. (Matthew 5:44)
- Cherish those hearts that hate thee. (Henry VII, 3:2)
- It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle. (Matthew 19:24)
- It is as hard to come as for a camel to thread through the postern of a needle’s eye. (Richard II, 5:5)
세익스피어에나오는몇구절은성경에서바로인용되어사용되었다. 같이예시를봅시다.
- Frye, Roland Mushat. Shakespeare and Christian Doctrine. Princeton,
New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1963. - Marx, Steven. Shakespeare and the Bible. Oxford:
Oxford University Press, 2000. - Zhang Kuiwu 張奎武. “The artistic effects of biblical allusions in Shakespearean plays 聖經典故在莎劇中的藝術效果”,
Foreign Literature Criticisms 外國文學評論 (1 1994): 111-116
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