Ashes to ashes, dust to dust 土は土に、塵は塵に (創世記 2:7, 3:19)

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The Bible has been the most influential text in all of Western culture. It's difficult to understand medieval or early modern or much of modern literature without knowing it...

Prof. Barbara Newman, Northwestern University
from 2006 Bible Literary project

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It's not that it's impossible to read some writers without a Biblical background, but that you would miss a whole dimension to their work.

Prof. Steven Goldsmith, University of California at Berkeley
from 2006 Bible Literary Project

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I can only say that if a student doesn't know any Bible literature, he or she will simply not understand whole elements of Shakespeare, Sidney, Spenser, Milton, Pope, Wordsworth

Prof. Robert Kiely, Harvard University
from 2006 Bible Literary Project

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...there is truth in the remark. "without Tyndale[Bible translator], no Shakespeare"...

Prof. David Daniell, University College London
from The Bible in English

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You can't really study Western literature intelligently or coherently without starting with the Bible.

Prof. Gerald L. Bruns, University of Notre Dame
from 2006 Bible Literary Project

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...a familiar understanding of Christian doctrine in historical perspective thus contributes to a fuller appreciation of Shakespeare's art, but Shakespeare's art

Prof. Roland M. Frye
from Shakespeare and the Christian Doctrine

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In English tradition and also for an American tradition begun by Puritan writers, a knowledge of the Hebrew Bible and the New Testament is even more crucial than classical references.

Prof. Ulrich Knoefplmacher, Princeton University
from 2006 Bible Literary Project

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There is no book more important for our culture than the Bible, and it is fundametal to the study of English literature and language.

Prof. David Jasper and Prof. Stephen Prickett
from the Bible and literature

Ashes to ashes, dust to dust 土は土に、塵は塵に (創世記 2:7, 3:19)

挿絵：　フィリピン、マニラの共同墓地

聖書の一節　

「お前は顔に汗を流してパンを得る。土に返るときまで。お前がそこから取られた土に。塵にすぎないお前は塵に返る。」（創世記３章１９節）

由来と応用

１５４８年に完成された共通祈祷文の最初の英語の本の、埋葬の章に「土は土に、灰は灰に、塵は塵に。」とある。この語句は聖書からの直接の引用ではないが、聖書に由来している。

葬儀の中で埋葬が行われる時、からだは地面に埋められる。聖書によると、そこがわたしたちが来たところだから。主はアダムを土からおつくりになった。アダムとエバが、主に禁じられていた善悪の知識の木から果実をとって食べた時、主はかれらをエデンの園から追放された。その時から、ひとは、園の木の果実を自由に食べることはできなくなり、代わりに、食べ物を得るために苦労して働かなければならない。主はアダムにこう言われた。「お前は顔に汗を流してパンを得る。土に返るときまで。お前がそこから取られた土に。塵にすぎないお前は塵に返る。」（創世記３章１９節）

Keywords

Related Information

NIV official site
Chinese Bible (???)

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Ashes to ashes, dust to dust 土は土に、塵は塵に (創世記 2:7, 3:19)

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